Abu Ubaidah ibn al-Jarrah

Tomb of Abu Ubaidah in Balqa Governorate, Jordan Nickname(s)Abu Ubaidah, Amin al-Ummah (Custodian of Ummah) Born583 Mecca, Arabia Died639 Jordan Valley, Jordan. Flag of Afghanistan (1880–1901).svg Rashidun Caliphate.Allegiance Flag of Afghanistan (1880–1901).svg Rashidun armyService/branch 634–639Years of service RankSupreme Commander of the Rashidun army(634–639) Governorof Levant(634–639)Commands held Muslim- QurayshWars Rashidun conquest of LevantBattles/wars Shrine of Abu Ubayda in the Jordan Valley in Jordan Abū ‘Ubaydah ‘Āmir ibn ‘Abdillāh ibn al-Jarāḥ(583–639) ( Arabic:أبو عبيدة عامر بن عبدالله بن الجراح‎), more commonly known asAbū ‘Ubaydah ibn al-Jarāḥ, was one of companions of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. He remained commander of a large section of the Rashidun Armyduring the time of the Rashid Caliph Umarand was on the list of Umar's appointed successors to the Caliphate. Early life Abu Ubaidah was born in the year 583 CE in the house of 'Abdullah ibn al-Jarrah, a merchant by profession. Abu Ubaidah belonged to the Qurayshiclan of Banu al-Harith ibn Fihr. Even before his conversion to Islam, he was considered to be one of the nobles of the Quraysh and was famous among the Quraysh of Meccafor his modesty and bravery Conversion to Islam By 611, Muhammad was preaching the oneness of Godto the people of Mecca. He began by inviting his closest companions and relatives in secret to the way of Islam. He embraced Islam just a day after Abu Bakrin the year 611. [ 1 ] Migration to Abyssinia Abu Ubaidah lived through the harsh experience that the Muslims went through in Mecca from beginning to end. With other early Muslims, he endured the insults and oppressions of the Quraysh. As the first migration to Abyssinia( Ethiopia) succeeded, this violence against the Muslimsrenewed itself with much conviction and became stronger in its force. Being the only person in his clan to have accepted Islam, Abu Ubaidah was foremost amongst them. Muhammad suggested that the remaining Muslims who were especially subject to the atrocities of the people of Mecca migrate as well. Consequently, Abu 'Ubaidah migrated to Abyssinia along with a delegation of 83 men and 20 women. [ 2 ] Migration to Medina In 622 CE, when Muhammad migrated from Meccato Medina, Abu Ubaidah also migrated. When Muhammad arrived in Medina, he paired off each immigrant ( Muhajir) with one of the residents of Medina ( Ansari), joining Muadh ibn Jabalwith Abu Ubaidah making them brothers in faith. The Muslims remained in peace in Medina for about a year before the Quraysh raised an army to attack Medina. Military campaigns during Muhammad's era Battle of Badr and Uhud Main articles: Battle of Badrand Battle of Uhud In the year 624, Abu Ubaidah participated in the first major battle between the Muslims and the Quraysh of Mecca, at the Battle of Badr. In this battle, he was attacked by his father Abdullah ibn al-Jarrah, who was fighting alongside the army of Quraysh. Abu Ubaidah avoided fighting with him but eventually his father succeeded in blocking Abu Ubaidah's path. Abu Ubaidah then attacked him and killed him.